Active Harmonic (Power) Filter

APF Principle

Delta’s PQC Series APF is connected in parallel with non-linear loads, and uses one set of current transformers (CT) to detect the load current. It calculates each order harmonic current by FFT algorithms in its DSP microchips, and then generates a compensating current with the same amplitude but opposite phase angles to the detected harmonic current, which cancels out the original load harmonics.

The PQC series APF not only eliminates harmonic current from the load side, but it also mitigates harmonic voltage caused by harmonic currents. The APF system can also improve power factor (PF) and correct load imbalances in the power system.

PQC APF Principle

APF Structure

Delta PQC Series APF has a modular design. Usually the Delta active power filter system consists of one or several APF modules and an optional Liquid Crystal Monitor & Control Panel (LCM). Each APF module is an independent harmonic filtering system, and users can change the harmonic filtering system rating by adding or removing APF modules.

According to the mounting type, Delta PQC series APF can be divided into Modular APF and Wall-mounted APF.


Modular APF

APF modules and an LCM panel can be embedded in Delta’s standard APF cabinet or a customized cabinet. There are breakers, cable terminals and Surge Protection Device (SPD) in the APF cabinet.

According to cable terminal type, a modular APF can be divided into two types:

  • Draw type modular APF (hot-swappable)
  • Fixed type modular APF (not hot-swappable)


Modular APF

Wall-mounted APF

Delta’s Wall-mounted APF can be installed on a wall, which is suitable for low rating applications, and an optional LCM
panel can be fixed on the all-mounted APF according to customer requirements.

Product Introduction

Features & Benefits

 

  • Multifunctional: Harmonic, reactive power and imbalance compensation
  • High harmonic filtering rate: Up to 98%
  • Excellent reactive compensation: High speed, Precise (-0.99 ≤ PF ≤ 0.99), Step-less, Bi-directional (capacitive and inductance) compensation
  • Excellent imbalance correction: Both negative and zero sequence, mitigates neutral current
  • Wide input voltage & frequency range, adapts to tough electrical environments
  • Low thermal loss (≤ 3% of rated APF kVA), efficiency ≥ 97%
  • High stability: Infinite impedance to grid, avoids harmonic resonance problems
  • Flexible application: Modular design, embedded in standard or customized cabinet
  • Easy installation and maintenance: Plug-in installation for APF module replacement and expansion
  • Wide capacity range: 50~525 A for a single cabinet, up 10 cabinets in parallel
  • Environmental adaptability: -10~50°C temperature, compatible with diesel generator
  • Complete protection: Grid Over/Under voltage, APF over current, over temperature, and more. All faults are recorded in the event log, which is convenient for failure analysis

 
Specifications
  1. Rated Voltage : AC 400V, AC 690V
  2.  
  3. Electrical Specification
  4. Input Voltage Range
    AC 400V : AC 308V~480V
    AC 690V : AC 432V~880V
  5. Electric Connection
    AC 400V : 3P3W/3P4W
    AC 690V : 3P3W
  6. Rated Frequency : 50Hz (60Hz) +/- 10%
    Input Voltage THD Range : ≤15%
  7. Rated Current per Module
    AC 400V : 50Amp, 75Amp, 100Amp
    AC 690V : 100Amp
  8. Rated Current per Cabinet
    AC 400V : 50~525Amp (module combination)
    AC 690V : 100~500Amp (module combination)
  9. Redundancy : Each module is an independent filtering system
  10. Harmonic Elimination Range
    AC 400V : 2rd ~ 50th order (Selectable)
    AC 690V : 2rd ~ 31st order (Selectable)
  11. Harmonic Filtering Degree
    0 ~ 100% programmable per harmonic in Ampere value
  12. Harmonic Filtering Performance
    Filter up to 98% harmonics at rated load, THDv<3%, THDi<5% after filtering
  13. Reactive Power Compensation Capability
    Both inductive and capacitive reactive power
  14. Reactive Power Compensation Performance
    PF≥0.99 after compensation (if the APF capacity is sufficient)
  15. Imbalance Correction Capability
    AC 400V : Mitigate negative and zero sequence
    AC 690V : Mitigate negative sequence
  16. Full Response time : <20ms
    Instant Response time : <100us
    Thermal Loss : ≤3% of APF rated capacity (kVA)
    Output Current Limitation : Automatic (100% rated capacity)
  17. Parallel Expansion(System)
    AC 400V : Up to 10 Racks(7 modules per cabinet)
    AC 690V : Up to 10 Racks(5 modules per cabinet)
  18. MTBF : >100,000 hours
  19.  
  20. Control Technology
  21. Switching Frequency
    AC 400V - 50A, 75A : 60kHz
    AC 400V - 100A : 30kHz
    AC 690A : 20kHz
  22. Controller : DSP control
    Communication : Modbus Protocol, RS232/485
    Monitoring : PQC Monitor Software (Optional)
  23.  
  24. Physical Specification
  25. IP Grade of Cabinet : IP20, IP30 or customization
    Cooling method : Intelligent forced air cooling
  26. Noise Level
    AC 400V : < 65dB(A) @1m (Module)
    AC 690V : < 70dB(A) @1m (Module)
  27. Dust Filter : Optional
    Dimension : Refer to APF Model table
    Weight : Refer to APF Model table
  28.  
  29. Environmental Requirement
  30. Ambient Temperature : -10~50 ℃
    Relative Humidity : 0~95%
  31. Altitude
    ≤ 1000m Rated Capacity,
    1000-2000m (derating 1% per 100m)
  32.  
  33. All specifications are subject to change without prior notice.

 
Download

PQC Series Power Quality Solution (Brochure)
Active Power Filter (APF), Static VAR Generator (SVG)

 

PQC Series – Active Power Filter (Leaflet)